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Software & Backups

Installing onto the NVMe SSD

The official M.2 HAT+ supports direct boot from NVMe — no SD card involved. The proven flow from the reference setup:

  1. Put the NVMe SSD into a USB adapter (an NVMe/SATA-to-USB enclosure) and connect it to any PC.
  2. Flash the OS with Raspberry Pi Imager — for this build, choose the Home Assistant OS image for Pi 5. (The reference setup validated the same flow with Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS on Windows 11.)
  3. Mount the SSD in the M.2 HAT+ and boot.

Before first boot it's also worth enabling RTC battery charging while the disk is still easy to mount — see RTC Backup Battery.

Home Assistant OS, bare-metal

The Pi runs HAOS (Home Assistant OS) directly — deliberately not Home Assistant in a container:

  • The Pi is dedicated to this one job, so the flexibility of a container host buys nothing here.
  • HAOS is the appliance-style, officially recommended install: it includes the Supervisor, the full add-on store, one-click updates, and built-in backup tooling.
  • One less layer (no container runtime, no host OS to maintain) means fewer things to patch and fewer ways to break.

Backup strategy

WhatValue
FrequencyDaily
DestinationSynology NAS on the home LAN
NAS redundancyRAID6 (survives two simultaneous disk failures)

HA's built-in backups run daily and are shipped off the Pi to the NAS, so a dead SD card/SSD or a broken update never costs more than a day of history. The RAID6 volume protects the backup archive itself against disk failures in the NAS.

RAID is not a backup

RAID6 protects against disk failure, not against accidental deletion, ransomware, or the NAS itself dying. The HA backup → NAS chain is solid for the Pi; whether the NAS itself needs an off-site copy is a separate (whole-NAS) question outside this project's scope.